Sikkim

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It is in the western part of North East Himalaya exhibits tropical, temperate to alphine forest types. It has 4,500 species of flowering plants, 362 species of ferns and fern allies and rich biodiversity of orchids. More than 90% of the population depends on agriculture and horticulture. A rich endemic fauna of butterflies makes it of special biodiversity value. It has 422 species of birds and 697 species of butterfilies which shows rich faunal diversity. Sikkim forms a part of Eastern himalaya 'Hot Spot'. High altitutde lakes and the river teesta providce the major freshwater sources in the state. Sikkim has witnessed significant reduction of habitats. Changes in the river flow through construction of dams are also believed to have serious impact on fishes and other aquatic fauna. Traditional agricultural practices such as cardamom cultivation in forest areas have also influenced floral and faunal diversity. The promotion of tourism in ecologically sensitive areas is slowly changing towards planned eco-tourism. The state has proactively brought out “Sikkim Ecotourism Policy” consisting of various strategies and guidelines for development of ecotourism in these areas. There is 1 national park and 7 wild life sanctuaries, which together constitute over 30% of the total geographical area of the state.

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