Himachal Pradesh

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The forest types of Himachal Pradesh include tropical, sub-tropical and temperate forests. The tropical forests are confined to the foot hills and comprise of thorn, scrub and sal vegetations. Sub-tropical forests (500-1800m) comprising dry evergreen area (below 1200m) are dominated by Terminalia Spp., Albizia spp., Oleaebo with subtropical chir pine forests extending up to 1800m. The temperate forests (1500 - 3000 m)comprising Himalayan moist termperate sub-types (oak,fir, deodar, blue pine, horese chestnut) and Himalayan dry termperate forest (holm oak and edible pine at (2000 - 3000m). Lakes are located in termperate as well as sub-tropical zone. Of these, Renuka and Pong are of national importance. Chandrabhaga, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej and Yamuna from the main river systems. Agro-ecosystem in the region has evolved out of forests and vegetation area. An estimated 17.5% of the state from agricultural landscape and 3.4% is used for horticulture. The region is rich in biodiversity. In the case of faunal diversity, pheasants and butterflies are well known as also the silk moths and golden mahasheer. Government of India has notified 8 species of plants and 10 species of animals as species which are on the verge of extinction. Many medicnal and ornamental plants are known to have been over explotited. The state still has two of the three species of Ovis from which all-domestic sheep breeds have been developed. It has vast area of cold deserts representing distinct biodiversity and has 2 national parks and 32 wild life sanctauaries.

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